Works Cited:
West Africa:
Bantu:
Kush/Nubia:
Kush:
Tiv:
West Africa:
Bantu:
- “Bantu.” New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, 11 Dec. 2016, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bantu
- “Bantu Tribes of Southern Africa.” Bantu Tribes of Southern Africa | Southern African Safaris |
- Classic Africa, Classic Africa, www.classicafrica.com/Content/Bantu_Tribes_of_Southern_Africa.asp
- Beck, Roger B., et al. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Holt McDougal/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Bantu Peoples.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Oct. 2011, www.britannica.com/topic/Bantu-peoples
- “The Bantu Civilization.” The Bantu Religion And Culture - The Bantu Civilization, Wikidot, 12 Sept. 2010, http://bantucivilizationinformation.wikidot.com
- Atwood, Roger. “The Nok of Nigeria.” Who Were the Hopewell? - Archaeology Magazine Archive, Aug. 2011, archive.archaeology.org/1107/features/nok_nigeria_africa_terracotta.html.
- Brodie, Neil, and Donna Yates. “Nok Terracottas.” Trafficking Culture, 21 Aug. 2012, traffickingculture.org/encyclopedia/case-studies/nok-terracottas/.
- “Nok Culture.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nok_culture.
- one2yallnwedontstop. “Nok Civilization in Modern Day Nigeria.” How Africentriguing!, 7 Dec. 2015, africentriguing.wordpress.com/2014/04/13/nok-civilization-in-modern-day-nigeria/.
- Forssberg,Ebba."Djenne-Djeno."History ebbaforssberg.blogspot.com/2013/01/djenne-djeno.html. Accessed 28 Jan. 2019.
- McIntosh, Susan Keech, and Roderick J. McIntosh. "Jenne-Jeno, an Ancient African City." Rice SocialSciences, anthropology.rice.edu/jenne-jeno-ancient-african-city. Accessed 28 Jan. 2019.
- Nag, Oishiyama Sen. "Djenne-Djeno of Ancient Mali." Worldatlas, 25 Apr. 2017, www.worldatlas.com/articles/djenne-djenno-of-ancient-mali.html. Accessed 28 Jan. 2019.
- "Old Town of Djenné." UNESCO, whc.unesco.org/en/list/116. Accessed 28 Jan. 2019.
- “The Story of Africa| BBC World Service.” BBC, BBC, 27 Jan. 2019, www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter1.shtml.
- Credits, Extra, director. The Empire of Mali - An Empire of Trade and Faith - Extra History - #2. YouTube, YouTube, 21 Apr. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPytwp5ll9g&index=2&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DDhUWNT_5GWuCnXHh70Zz7. visited January 18 2019
- Credits, Extra, director. The Empire of Mali - Mansa Musa - Extra History - #3. YouTube, YouTube, 28 Apr. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-Un2xx6Pzo&index=3&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DDhUWNT_5GWuCnXHh70Zz7. Visited January 18 2019
- Credits, Extra, director. The Empire of Mali - The Cracks Begin to Show - Extra History - #4. YouTube, YouTube, 5 May 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkTF0TGBDNc&index=4&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DDhUWNT_5GWuCnXHh70Zz7. visited January 18 2019
- Credits, Extra, director. The Empire of Mali - The Final Bloody Act - Extra History - #5. YouTube, YouTube, 12 May 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi79VdOCXGc&index=5&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DDhUWNT_5GWuCnXHh70Zz7. Visited January 18 2019
- Credits, Extra, director. The Empire of Mali - The Twang of a Bow - Extra History - #1. YouTube, YouTube, 14 Apr. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkayShPilkw&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DDhUWNT_5GWuCnXHh70Zz7.
- Leander. “The Empire of Mali (1230-1600).” South African History Online, 5 Nov. 2018,
- “Benin Empire.” Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Benin_Empire.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Oyo Empire.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 15 Mar. 2016, www.britannica.com/place/Oyo-empire.
- Boley, Oklahoma (1903- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed, blackpast.org/gah/songhai-empire-ca-1375-1591.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Songhai Empire.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 May 2018, www.britannica.com/place/Songhai-empire.
- Mads. “Songhai, African Empire, 15-16th Century.” South African History Online, 8 May 2017, www.sahistory.org.za/article/songhai-african-empire-15-16th-century.
- McLean, John. “World Civilization.” Lumen Learning, Lumen, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/songhai/.
Kush/Nubia:
- “The Ancient Kingdom of Kush - Nubian Kingdom (Egypt/Sudan).” YouTube, YouTube, 9 Jan. 2017, youtu.be/oG7GcpOqCPE.
- “The Kush Empire | National Geographic.” YouTube, YouTube, 31 Jan. 2008, youtu.be/b86XE3TbXg0.
- “The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.” The Nippur Expedition | The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, oi.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/nubia/nubian-archers.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Great Zimbabwe.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 27 May 2018, www.britannica.com/place/Great-Zimbabwe.
- “Great Zimbabwe Ruins.” Great Zimbabwe - Great Zimbabwe History, www.greatzimbabweruins.com/.
- “Great Zimbabwe.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/civ/7d.asp.
- “The Story of Africa | BBC World Service.” BBC, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/10chapter1.shtml
- Zimbabwe.", "Great. “Great Zimbabwe.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed, Encyclopedia.com, 2019, www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/great-zimbabwe.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Kilwa.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 June 2017, www.britannica.com/place/Kilwa.
- Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. “Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre, whc.unesco.org/en/list/144.
- “Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania.” Smarthistory, smarthistory.org/kilwa-kisiwani-tanzania/.
- “Tanzania: Omani Conquest (1698-1884).” EISA Tanzania: British Rule between the Wars (1916-1945), eisa.org.za/wep/tanoverview4.htm.
- “Mutapa Empire.” Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mutapa_Empire.
Kush:
- Mark, Joshua J. “Ancient Egyptian Agriculture.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 27 Jan. 2019, www.ancient.eu/article/997/ancient-egyptian-agriculture/.
- “Trade.” The Political Side of Kush, kushitepolitics.weebly.com/trade.html.
- “Almoravid Dynasty.” Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Almoravid_dynasty#Decline.
- “Almoravid Warriors. Almoravids and Almohads Were Berber Reformers, They Made Incursions into Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms. Th... | World History - Africa | Pinterest | Medieval, North Africa and Military Art.” Pinterest, Pinterest, www.pinterest.com/pin/224194887671894110/.
- “Bringing Berber Empires into Focus as Contributors to Islamic Culture.” University of Cambridge, 6 July 2016, www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/bringing-berber-empires-into-focus-as-contributors-to-islamic-culture.
- Dahmani, Youssef. “History : When Almoravids Invaded Souss to Stop the Spread of Shia Doctrine.” English, Yabiladi.com, 12 Dec. 2017, en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/60143/history-when-almoravids-invaded-souss.html.
- “Epic World History.” Anglo-Saxon Culture , epicworldhistory.blogspot.com/2013/10/almoravid-empire.html
- “Mediterranean Diet: A Heart-Healthy Eating Plan.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 3 Nov. 2017, (Mayo Clinic, www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/mediterranean-diet/art-20047801.
- “Searching in History.” Sumerian Economy, 1 Jan. 1970, searchinginhistory.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-almoravids-beber-empire-of-spain.html
- Sutori, www.sutori.com/story/the-rise-of-the-almoravid-dynasty-in-morocco--cDvdBJwATLXtkAnWQf9pfbiH.
- The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/almo/hd_almo.htm
- “Almohad Dynasty.” Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Almohad_Dynasty.
- Department of Islamic Art. “The Art of the Almoravid and Almohad Periods (ca. 1062–1269).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/almo/hd_almo.htm (October 2001)
Tiv:
- (234Foundation, 2019) The TIV People. (2017, March 06). Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://the234project.com/arts-and-culture/nigeria/the-tiv-people/
- (Britannica, 2019) Britannica, T. E. (2013, April 23). Tiv. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tiv
- (Britannica, 2019) Britannica, T. E. (2015, November 04). Igbo. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Igbo
- (Udeze, 2019) Igbo People Language, Culture, Tribe, Religion, Women, Food, Masks. (2018, May 14). Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://buzznigeria.com/igbo-people/
- (Britannica, 2019) Britannica, T. E. (2007, September 24). Maasai. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maasai
- (International Tribune on Evictions, 2018) OpenContent. (n.d.). Case From Kenya: Violent evictions of the Masai in the name of protecting wildlife to support elite tourism. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.tribunal-evictions.org/international_tribunal_on_evictions/evictions_cases/6th_session_2017/case_from_kenya_violent_evictions_of_the_masai_in_the_name_of_protecting_wildlife_to_support_elite_tourism
- (Silverbird Travel Safari Blog, 2019) Admin. (2016, July 15). The Maasai, The authentic people of Kenya. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://silverbirdsafari-africa.com/blog/2472/
- (Siyabona Africa, 2019) The Maasai Tribe, East Africa. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2019, from http://www.siyabona.com/maasai-tribe-east-africa.html
- (Thomson Safaris, 2019) Traditional Maasai Food: Blood and Milk. (2018, January 04). Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://thomsonsafaris.com/blog/traditional-maasai-diet-blood-milk
- (Yasuwaka, 2019) Yasukawa, O., & Page, T. (2017, February 08). Maasai turn wildlife warriors to save lions in Tanzania. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/07/africa/maasai-tanzania-wildlife-warriors/index.html
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Bambuti.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 10 July 2015, www.britannica.com/topic/Bambuti
- (New World Encylopedia, 2019)Pygmy. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2019, from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pygmy
- Project, Joshua. “Efe in Congo, Democratic Republic Of.” Joshua Project, joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11716/CG.
- Razor Tie Artery Foundation Announce New Joint Venture Recordings | Razor & Tie, Rovi Corporation,web.archive.org/web/20170204025242/http://www1.american.edu:80/ted/ice/pygmy.htm.
- “The Mbuti of Zaire.” Cultural Survival, www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/mbuti-zaire
- West Africa: https://juniatasummerbridge.wordpress.com/2016/08/10/sayida-rabiou-yari-niger/
- East Africa: https://afktravel.com/104120/10-things-didnt-know-kingdom-of-aksum/
- Mediterranean: https://www.bookmundi.com/cairo/half-day-tour-of-giza-pyramid-and-the-sphinx-8821
- *Current Indigenous Tribes background photo link can be found lower on that page
- https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/a-brief-history-of-china-han-dynasty/